Which of the following substances is classified as a CIV?

Alprazolam is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance (CIV) under the Controlled Substances Act. This classification indicates that it has a lower potential for abuse relative to drugs in higher schedules, such as Schedule I (which includes substances with no accepted medical use like heroin) and Schedule II (which includes drugs like oxycodone and cocaine that have a high potential for abuse).

Alprazolam is primarily used to treat anxiety and panic disorders due to its effectiveness as a benzodiazepine. Its potential for abuse, while present, is significantly lower than that of Schedule I and II substances, which carry stricter regulations and penalties. This distinction is critical in the legal handling and prescription of these drugs.

In summary, alprazolam's classification as a CIV reflects its medical utility balanced against potential for abuse, which is less compared to the other substances listed in the question. Heroin is illegal and classified as Schedule I, oxycodone is Schedule II due to its high addiction potential, and cocaine is also a Schedule II substance, which further sets them apart from alprazolam’s CIV status.